The use of antibiotics is not permitted in Switzerland; moreover, no other medication exists to combat European foul brood. Hives with symptoms must therefore be destroyed in order to limit the outbreak, and the contaminated material must be sanitised. Since prevention is the best cure, early detection is desirable. Numerous studies have been undertaken and documents have been created at the Swiss Bee Research Centre and elsewhere to draw the attention of beekeepers to these problems and inform them about the causes and the control measures to be implemented.
Wijayawardene N.N., Dai D.Q, Sánchez-García M., Thines M., Goto B.T., Saxena R.K., Erdoğdu M., Selçuk F., Rajeshkumar K.C., Aptroot A., Błaszkowski J., Boonyuen N., da Silva G. A., de Souza F. A., Dong W., Ertz D., Haelewaters D., Jones E. B. G., Karunarathna S. C., Kirk P. M., Kukwa M., Kumla J., Leontyev D. V., Lumbsch H. T., Maharachchikumbura S. S. N., Marguno F., Martínez-Rodríguez P., Mešić A., Monteiro J. S., Oehl F., Pawłowska J., Pem D., Pfliegler W. P., Phillips A. J. L., Pošta A., He M. Q., Li J. X., Raza M., Sruthi O. P., Suetrong S., Suwannarach N., Tedersoo L., Thiyagaraja V., Tibpromma S., Tkalčec Z., Tokarev Y. S., Wanasinghe D. N., Wijesundara D. S. A., Wimalaseana S. D. M. K., Madrid H., Zhang G. Q., Gao Y., Sánchez-Castro I., Tang L. Z., Stadler M., Yurkov A.
This paper provides an updated classification of the Kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi) and fungus-like taxa. Five-hundred and twenty-three (535) notes are provided for newly introduced taxa and for changes that have been made since the previous outline. In the discussion, the latest taxonomic changes in Basidiomycota are provided and the classification of Mycosphaerellales are broadly discussed. Genera listed in Mycosphaerellaceae have been confirmed by DNA sequence analyses, while doubtful genera (DNA sequences being unavailable but traditionally accommodated in Mycosphaerellaceae) are listed in the discussion. Problematic genera in Glomeromycota are also discussed based on phylogenetic results.
