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The use of antibiotics is not permitted in Switzerland; moreover, no other medication exists to combat European foul brood. Hives with symptoms must therefore be destroyed in order to limit the outbreak, and the contaminated material must be sanitised. Since prevention is the best cure, early detection is desirable. Numerous studies have been undertaken and documents have been created at the Swiss Bee Research Centre and elsewhere to draw the attention of beekeepers to these problems and inform them about the causes and the control measures to be implemented.

Merkblatt zur erkennung von Bienenbrutkrankheiten (German (PDF, 357 kB, 18.10.2017) and French (PDF, 226 kB, 02.02.2017))
M. Tschumi (2011)

Organic and conservation agriculture promote ecosystem multifunctionality.

Institutional Repository Agroscope

Wittwer R., Bender S. F., Hartman K., Hydbom S., Lima R.A.A., Loaiza V., Nemecek T., Oehl F., Olsson P.A., Petchey O., Prechsl U.E., Schlaeppi K., Scholten T., Seitz S., Six J., van der Heijden M. G. A.

Organic and conservation agriculture promote ecosystem multifunctionality.

Science Advances, 7, (34), 2021.

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Riassunto:

Ecosystems provide multiple services to humans. However, agricultural systems are usually evaluated on their productivity and economic performance, and a systematic and quantitative assessment of the multifunctionality of agroecosystems including environmental services is missing. Using a long-term farming system experiment, we evaluated and compared the agronomic, economic, and ecological performance of the most widespread arable cropping systems in Europe: organic, conservation, and conventional agriculture. We analyzed 43 agroecosystem properties and determined overall agroecosystem multifunctionality. We show that organic and conservation agriculture promoted ecosystem multifunctionality, especially by enhancing regulating and supporting services, including biodiversity preservation, soil and water quality, and climate mitigation. In contrast, conventional cropping showed reduced multifunctionality but delivered highest yield. Organic production resulted in higher economic performance, thanks to higher product prices and additional support payments. Our results demonstrate that different cropping systems provide opposing services, enforcing the productivity–environmental protection dilemma for agroecosystem functioning.

ISSN Online: 2375-2548
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg6995
ID pubblicazione (Codice web): 47058 Inviare via e-mail

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Organic and conservation agriculture promote ecosystem multifunctionality.