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The use of antibiotics is not permitted in Switzerland; moreover, no other medication exists to combat European foul brood. Hives with symptoms must therefore be destroyed in order to limit the outbreak, and the contaminated material must be sanitised. Since prevention is the best cure, early detection is desirable. Numerous studies have been undertaken and documents have been created at the Swiss Bee Research Centre and elsewhere to draw the attention of beekeepers to these problems and inform them about the causes and the control measures to be implemented.

Merkblatt zur erkennung von Bienenbrutkrankheiten (German (PDF, 357 kB, 18.10.2017) and French (PDF, 226 kB, 02.02.2017))
M. Tschumi (2011)

Identification of urinary food intake biomarkers for milk, cheese and soy-based drink by untargeted GC-MS and NMR in healthy humans.

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Münger L.H., Trimigno A., Picone G., Freiburghaus C., Pimentel G., Burton K. J., Pralong F.P., Vionnet N., Capozzi F., Badertscher R., Vergères G.

Identification of urinary food intake biomarkers for milk, cheese and soy-based drink by untargeted GC-MS and NMR in healthy humans.

Journal of Proteome Research, 16, (9), 2017, 3321-3335.

Download english: www.pubs.acs.org

Abstract:

The measurement of food intake biomarkers (FIBs) in biofluids represents an objective tool for dietary assessment. FIBs of milk and cheese still need more investigation due to the absence of candidate markers. Thus, an acute intervention study has been performed to sensitively and specifically identify candidate FIBs. Eleven healthy male and female volunteers participated in the randomized, controlled crossover study that tested a single intake of milk and cheese as test products, and soy-based drink as a control. Urine samples were collected at baseline and up to 24 h at distinct time intervals (0-1, 1-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-12, and 12-24 h) and were analyzed using an untargeted multiplatform approach (GC-MS and 1H NMR). Lactose, galactose, and galactonate were identified exclusively after milk intake while for other metabolites (allantoin, hippurate, galactitol, and galactono-1,5-lactone) a significant increase has been observed. Urinary 3-phenyllactic acid was the only compound specifically reflecting cheese intake although alanine, proline, and pyroglutamic acid were found at significantly higher levels after cheese consumption. In addition, several novel candidate markers for soy drink were identified, such as pinitol and trigonelline. Together, these candidate FIBs of dairy intake could serve as a basis for future validation studies under free-living conditions.

ISSN Print: 1535-3893
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00319
Publication-ID (Web Code): 37855 Sending by e-mail

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Identification of urinary food intake biomarkers for milk, cheese and soy-based drink by untargeted GC-MS and NMR in healthy humans.