The use of antibiotics is not permitted in Switzerland; moreover, no other medication exists to combat European foul brood. Hives with symptoms must therefore be destroyed in order to limit the outbreak, and the contaminated material must be sanitised. Since prevention is the best cure, early detection is desirable. Numerous studies have been undertaken and documents have been created at the Swiss Bee Research Centre and elsewhere to draw the attention of beekeepers to these problems and inform them about the causes and the control measures to be implemented.
The life sciences are currently being transformed by an unprecedented wave of developments in molecular analysis, which include important advances in nstrumental analysis as well as biocomputing. In light of the central role played by metabolism in nutrition, metabolomics is rapidly being established as a ky analytical tool in human nutritional studies. Consequently, an increasing umber of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study designs. Within his dynamic landscape, the potential of nutritional metabolomics nutrimetabolomics) to be translated into a science, which can impact on health olicies, still needs to be realized. A key element to reach this goal is the bility of the research community to join, to collectively make the best use of he potential offered by nutritional metabolomics. This article, therefore, rovides a methodological description of nutritional metabolomics that reflects n the state-of-the-art techniques used in the laboratories of the Food Biomarker lliance (funded by the European Joint Programming Initiative "A Healthy Diet for Healthy Life" (JPI HDHL)) as well as points of reflections to harmonize this ield. It is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to present a pragmatic uidance on metabolomic methodologies, providing readers with useful "tips and ricks" along the analytical workflow.
