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The use of antibiotics is not permitted in Switzerland; moreover, no other medication exists to combat European foul brood. Hives with symptoms must therefore be destroyed in order to limit the outbreak, and the contaminated material must be sanitised. Since prevention is the best cure, early detection is desirable. Numerous studies have been undertaken and documents have been created at the Swiss Bee Research Centre and elsewhere to draw the attention of beekeepers to these problems and inform them about the causes and the control measures to be implemented.

Merkblatt zur erkennung von Bienenbrutkrankheiten (German (PDF, 357 kB, 18.10.2017) and French (PDF, 226 kB, 02.02.2017))
M. Tschumi (2011)

Punicalagin increases glutamate absorption in diﬀerentiated Caco-2 cells by a mechanism involving gene expression regulation of an EAAT3 transporter.

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Biolley C., Tretola M., Bee G., Jud Khan C., Silacci P.

Punicalagin increases glutamate absorption in diﬀerentiated Caco-2 cells by a mechanism involving gene expression regulation of an EAAT3 transporter.

Food & Function, 10, (9), 2019, 5333-5338.

Link: Publishing

Zusammenfassung:

This study investigates, for the ﬁrst time, the ability of punicalagin to modulate intestinal glutamate uptake by upregulation of the expression of one of its transporters present on the enterocyte membrane. The use of an Ussing chamber revealed an increase in glutamate transport in diﬀerentiated Caco-2 cells after punicalagin treatment for 24 h. This cell line constitutively expresses two glutamate transporters: EAAT1 and EAAT3. In response to punicalagin, the expression of EAAT3 was increased, at both mRNA and protein levels, but not that of EAAT1. Transfection with EAAT3-targeting siRNA speciﬁcally altered basal and induced EAAT3 gene expression, decreasing the positive eﬀect of punicalagin on glutamate uptake. These data conﬁrmed the involvement of EAAT3 in increasing glutamate uptake by enterocytes after punicalagin treatment.

ISSN Print: 2042-6496
ISSN Online: 2042-650X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.1039/c9fo00191c
Publikations-ID (Webcode): 42203 Per E-Mail versenden

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Punicalagin increases glutamate absorption in diﬀerentiated Caco-2 cells by a mechanism involving gene expression regulation of an EAAT3 transporter.