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The use of antibiotics is not permitted in Switzerland; moreover, no other medication exists to combat European foul brood. Hives with symptoms must therefore be destroyed in order to limit the outbreak, and the contaminated material must be sanitised. Since prevention is the best cure, early detection is desirable. Numerous studies have been undertaken and documents have been created at the Swiss Bee Research Centre and elsewhere to draw the attention of beekeepers to these problems and inform them about the causes and the control measures to be implemented.

Merkblatt zur erkennung von Bienenbrutkrankheiten (German (PDF, 357 kB, 18.10.2017) and French (PDF, 226 kB, 02.02.2017))
M. Tschumi (2011)

Extended pesticide soil monitoring in Cuban potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production: Residue co-occurrence, dissipation rates, ecological risks, and implications.

Institutional Repository Agroscope

Pena B., Hilber I., Sosa D., Escobar A.C., Bucheli T.

Extended pesticide soil monitoring in Cuban potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production: Residue co-occurrence, dissipation rates, ecological risks, and implications.

Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 27, (9), 2025, 2685-2697.

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Abstract:

Pesticides are intensively used but understudied in tropical regions in America. We therefore investigated their occurrence and dissipation in soils of 18 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) producing farms in Mayabeque, Cuba, between 2018 and 2022. Between two and 17 active ingredients (AIs) were used per site, and the cultivation period and sums of AIs ranged from 0.001 to 26 kgAI ha−1. Soil concentrations of 38 individual target compounds ranged from 0.1 to 658 μg kgdry weight−1. Observed half-lives (DT50,obs) of the five most prevalent AIs were up to eight times lower than the DT50 from temperate climate in the Pesticides Properties Database. The fate and behaviour of pesticides rather depended on their physico-chemical than on soil properties. Several sites posed a high risk to earthworms (cumulative risk quotient >1) during periods of peak pesticide application to harvest, with azoxystrobin and cyproconazole contributing the most.

ISSN Print: 2050-7887
ISSN Online: 2050-7895
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.1039/d5em00119f
Publication-ID (Web Code): 60426 Sending by e-mail

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Extended pesticide soil monitoring in Cuban potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production: Residue co-occurrence, dissipation rates, ecological risks, and implications.