There are around 20 described viruses that can affect bees. The problematic viruses for bees are associated with the varroa mite, including, in particular, the deformed-wing virus.
Viruses are obligate parasites which are completely dependent on a host cell for their replication. Lacking their own reproductive machinery, they usurp that of the cell which they infect. Viruses infect the larvae as well as the adult bees, and may dramatically reduce their lifespan. They consist of genetic material (RNA or DNA) protected by a protein capsule ('capsid'). Their genetic code is highly variable, causing rapid changes which make them hard to combat. More information on three of the most problematic viruses can be found in our Guide to Bee Health.
Currently, there are no medications which specifically fight viruses. Since the most damaging viruses are transmitted by the varroa mite, it makes sense to use the alternative Varroa control concept to prevent viral infection. Preventive measures for combating viral diseases can be found in our Guide to Bee Health.
We study the links between bee, varroa mite and virus in order to better understand these complex interactions and the role played by viruses in bee colony losses. We also study varroa-resistant bees in Africa and Asia to determine whether these bees have developed any responses that adversely affect the viruses.
