Control

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The use of antibiotics is not permitted in Switzerland; moreover, no other medication exists to combat European foul brood. Hives with symptoms must therefore be destroyed in order to limit the outbreak, and the contaminated material must be sanitised. Since prevention is the best cure, early detection is desirable. Numerous studies have been undertaken and documents have been created at the Swiss Bee Research Centre and elsewhere to draw the attention of beekeepers to these problems and inform them about the causes and the control measures to be implemented.

Merkblatt zur erkennung von Bienenbrutkrankheiten (German (PDF, 357 kB, 18.10.2017) and French (PDF, 226 kB, 02.02.2017))
M. Tschumi (2011)

Publications Sonja Keel

Keel S., Anjum M. M., Lesschen J.P., Madenoğlu S., Pape B., Pınar M. Ö., Leifeld J.
Identifying areas with low vs. high trade-offs of fertilization reduction for soil carbon storage and crop production in Europe, under the Farm to Fork strategy.
EJP SOIL. September, 2025, 4 pp.

Kreuzer A., Herzog F., Bretscher D., Calanca P., Edlinger A., Gilgen A., Heller O., Holzkaemper A., Keel S., Klein J., Merbold L., Wüst C., Strahm I., Kay S.
Where to crop and where to graze ?: A spatial approach towards sustainable farming in Switzerland.
Dans: GfÖ Annual Meeting 2025. 2 September, Würzburg (DE). 2025.

Tanner E., Liebisch F., Keel S., Zosso C., Bretscher D.
Towards climate-neutral agriculture: Integrating site-specific nitrogen fertilisation and soil organic carbon dynamics - A case study for Swiss organic mountain farms.
Dans: RAMIRAN. 15 October, Wageningen (NL). 2025.

Jarosch K., Bütikofer N., Heller O., Hirte J., Bucheli T., Garland G., Holzkaemper A., Ghiasi S., Hagemann N., Keel S., Keller T., Köstel J., Leifeld J., Liebisch F., Mayer J. et autres
Die landwirtschaftlichen Böden der Schweiz klimafit machen: Synthese des 5-jährigen EJP SOIL Projektes im nationalen Kontext.
Dans: DBG Jahrestagung. 15. September, Ed. Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft, Tübingen (DE). 2025.

Winter E., Hao Z., Keel S., Kay S., Mack G.
Potential of agroforestry for carbon sequestration in Switzerland and economic impacts.
Dans: SGA. 9 May, Liebefeld (CH). 2025.

Winter E., Hao Z., Keel S., Kay S., Mack G.
Potential of agroforestry for carbon sequestration in Switzerland and economic impacts.
Dans: EAAE Konferenz. 28 August, Bonn (DE). 2025.

Keel S., Budai A., Elsgaard L., Hardy B., Levavasseur F., Zhi L., Mondini C., Plaza C., Leifeld J.
Efficiency of plant biomass processing pathways for long-term soil carbon storage.
European Journal of Soil Science, 76, (2), 2025, Article e70074.

Edlinger A., Herzog C., Garland G., Walder F., Banerjee S., Keel S., Mayer J., Phillipot L., Romdhane S., Schiedung M., Schmidt M. W. I., Seitzt B., Wüst C., van der Heijden M.
Compost application enhances soil health and maintains crop yield: Insights from 56 farmer-managed arable fields.
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 4, (1), 2025, Article e70041.

Hao Z., Bretscher D., Keel S.
Costs of greenhouse gas mitigation measures applicable to the Swiss agricultural sector.
Dans: International Research Symposium on Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Mitigation From Research to Implementation. 22 October, Ed. BMLE, Thunen, GRA, CGIAR, Berlin (DE). 2024, 30.

Rainford S.-K., Leifeld J., Siegl S., Hagenbucher S., Riedel J., Gross T., Niggli U., Keel S.
No relationship between outputs of simple humus balance calculators (VDLUFA and STAND) and soil organic carbon trends.
European Journal of Soil Science, 75, (6), 2024, Article e70007.

Dos Reis Martins M., Keel S.
Process-oriented modeling of direct N2O emissions from agricultural soils: Project LACHSIM.
Agroscope Science, 194, 2024.

Keel S., Ammann C., Bretscher D., Gross T., Guillaume T., Huguenin-Elie O., Moll J., Nemecek T., Roesch A., Volk M., Wüst C., Leifeld J.
Dauergrünlandböden der Schweiz: Quelle oder Senke von Kohlendioxid?
Agroscope Science, 189, 2024.

Roberti G., Bragazza L., Bretscher D., den Hond-Vaccaro C., Jarosch K., Keel S., Mariotte P., Merbold L., Reissig L., Walder F., Herzog F., Kay S.
Évaluation du rôle de l’agroforesterie dans une politique agricole et alimentaire globale.
Recherche Agronomique Suisse, 15, 2024, 199-206.
autres langues: allemand

Dos Reis Martins M., Ammann C., Boos C., Calanca P., Kiese R., Wolf B., Keel S.
Reducing N fertilization in the framework of the European Farm to Fork strategy under global change: Impacts on yields, N2O emissions and N leaching of temperate grasslands in the Alpine region.
Agricultural Systems, 219, 2024.

Hobbie E. A., Keel S., Klein T., Rog I., Saurer M., Siegwolf R., Routhier M. R., Körner C.
Tracing the spatial extent and lag time of carbon transfer from Picea abies to ectomycorrhizal fungi differing in host type, taxonomy, or hyphal development.
Fungal Ecology, 68, 2024, 1-8.

Hobbie E. A., Siegwolf R., Körner C., Steinmann K., Wilhelm M., Saurer M., Keel S.
Weather modifes the spatial extent of carbohydrate transfers from CO2‑supplied broad‑leaved trees to ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Plant and Soil, 494, 2024, 717-730.

Bretscher D., Hagemann N., Keel S., Leifeld J.
Charbon végétal.
Agroscope. Fiche technique No. 191, 2023, 4 pp.
autres langues: allemand | italien

Dos Reis Martins M., Keel S.
Model simulation of N2O emissions from Swiss agricultural soils: Steps for upscaling.
Dans: LULUCF Soil Meeting. 18 October, Bern. 2023, 1-27.

Keel S., Bretscher D., Leifeld J., von Ow A., Wüst C.
Soil carbon sequestration potential bounded by population growth, land availability, food production, and climate change.
Carbon Management, 14, (1), 2023, 1-17.

Rodrigues L., Budai A., Elsgaard L., Hardy B., Keel S., Mondini C., Plaza C., Leifeld J.
The importance of biochar quality and pyrolysis yield for soil carbon sequestration in practice.
European Journal of Soil Science, 74, (4), 2023, 1-11.

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