Thymol

thymolbehandlung_20170128

In the 1990s, the Bee Research Centre took part in a screening programme testing the potential effectiveness of over 100 essential oils and essential oil components against the varroa mite. Although sage, hyssop and thyme oils proved interesting, only thymol has been used in acaricide products. Thymol treatments require little effort, and there are a variety of preparations on the market. The advantages and drawbacks of thymol use are listed in the articles "Apilife VAR: A new varroacide with thymol as the main ingredient" and "THYMOVAR for Varroa control".

Use of essential oils for the control of Varroa jacobsoni (Oud.) in honey bee colonies (PDF, 1 MB, 20.01.2017)
A. Imdorf, S. Bogdanov, R. Ibáñez Ochoa, N. W. Calderone (1999)

Elenco di pubblicazione

Elenco di pubblicazione

Pubblicazioni Felix Wettstein

Wettstein F., Sutter P., Bucheli T.
Analysis of pesticides in soil: Observations from one year routine.
In: 5th Swiss Pesticide Residue Workshop. 22 November, Pratteln. 2023, 1-24.

Rösch A., Wettstein F., Wächter D., Reininger V., Meuli R. G., Bucheli T.
A multi‑residue method for trace analysis of pesticides in soils with special emphasis on rigorous quality control.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 415, (24), 2023, 6009-6025.

Riedo J., Wächter D., Gubler A., Wettstein F., Meuli R. G., Bucheli T.
Pesticide residues in agricultural soils in light of their on-farm application history.
Environmental Pollution, 331, 2023, 1-8.

Rechsteiner D., Wettstein F., Vermeirssen E.L.M., Hollender J., Bucheli T.
Estrogene von Nutztieren: Matchentscheidend oder kaum relevant für die Gewässerbelastung?
Aqua & Gas, 101, (4), 2021, 40-46.

Drakopoulos D., Kägi A., Six J., Zorn A., Wettstein F., Bucheli T., Forrer HR, Vogelgsang S.
The agronomic and economic viability of innovative cropping systems to reduce Fusarium head blight and related mycotoxins in wheat.
Agricultural Systems, 192, 2021, Articolo 103198.

Riedo J., Wettstein F., Rösch A., Herzog C., Banerjee S., Büchi L., Charles R., Wächter D., Martin-Laurent F., Bucheli T., Walder F., van der Heijden M.
Widespread occurrence of pesticides in organically managed agricultural soils: The ghost of a conventional agricultural past?
Environmental Science & Technology, 55, 2021, 2919-2928.

Schönsee C., Wettstein F., Bucheli T.
Disentangling mechanisms in natural toxin sorption to soil organic carbon.
Environmental Science & Technology, 55, 2021, 4762-4771.

Schönsee C., Wettstein F., Bucheli T.
Phytotoxin sorption to clay minerals.
Environmental Sciences Europe, 33, 2021, 1-14.

Rechsteiner D., Wettstein F., Pfeiffer N., Hollender J., Bucheli T.
Natural estrogen emissions to subsurface tile drains from experimental grassland fields in Switzerland after application of livestock slurries and free compounds.
Science of the Total Environment, 779, (20 July), 2021, 1-11.

Günthardt B., Wettstein F., Hollender J., Singer H., Härri J., Scheringer M., Hungerbühler K., Bucheli T.
Retrospective HRMS screening and dedicated target analysis reveal a wide exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids in small streams.
Environmental Science & Technology, 55, (2), 2021, 1036-1044.

Rechsteiner D., Wettstein F.E., Warren B.P., Vermeirssen E.L.M., Simon E., Schneider M. K., Hollender J., Bucheli T.
Natural estrogens in surface waters of a catchment with intensive livestock farming in Switzerland.
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 22, 2020, 2244-2255.

Vogelgsang S., Jenny E., Musa T., Bucheli T., Wettstein F., Forrer H.-R.
An eight-year survey of wheat shows distinctive effects of cropping factors on different Fusarium species and associated mycotoxins.
In: International Commission on Food Mycology conference. 3 June, Ed. ICFM, Freising. 2019, 1.

Vogelgsang S., Beyer M., Pasquali M., Jenny E., Musa T., Bucheli T., Wettstein F., Forrer H.-R.
An eight-year survey of wheat shows distinctive effects of cropping factors on different Fusarium species and associated mycotoxins.
European Journal of Agronomy, 105, (April), 2019, 62-77.

Prasuhn V., Weisskopf P., Bucheli T., Keller T., Spiess E., van der Heijden M., Mangold S., Mayer J., Schwab P., Wettstein F., Widmer F., Wittwer R.
Bodenforschung an der landwirtschaftlichen Forschungsanstalt Agroscope.
In: Exkursionsführer Bern 2019. Ed. DBG Mitteilungen Band 119. 2019, 84-99.

Schöneberg T., Kibler K., Wettstein F., Bucheli T., Forrer H.-R., Musa T., Mascher-Frutschi F., Bertossa M., Keller B., Vogelgsang S.
Influence of temperature, humidity duration and growth stage on the infection and mycotoxin production by Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium poae in oats.
Plant Pathology, 68, (2019), 2018, 173-184.

Eisenring M., Meissle M., Hagenbucher S., Naranjo S. E., Wettstein F., Romeis J.
Cotton defense induction patterns under spatially, temporally and quantitatively varying herbivory levels.
Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 2017, 1-10.

Schöneberg T., Jenny E., Wettstein F., Bucheli T., Mascher-Frutschi F., Bertossa M., Musa T., Seifert K., Gräfenhan T., Keller B., Vogelgsang S.
Occurrence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in Swiss oats - Impact of cropping factors.
European Journal of Agronomy, 92, 2017, 123-132.

Vogelgsang S., Musa T., Bänziger I., Kägi A., Bucheli T., Wettstein F., Pasquali M., Forrer H.-R.
Fusarium mycotoxins in Swiss wheat: a survey of growers’ samples between 2007 and 2014 shows strong year and minor geographic effects.
Toxins, 9, (8), 2017, 1-19.

Kägi A., Loeu F., Musa T., Jenny E., Wettstein F., Bucheli T., Vogelgsang S.
Fusarien und Mykotoxine in Silomais – Ergebnisse eines fünfjährigen Monitorings.
Agrarforschung Schweiz, 8, (5), 2017, 168-175.
altre lingue: francese

Schirdewahn T., Mascher-Frutschi F., Bucheli T., Bertossa M., Musa T., Wettstein F., Keller B., Vogelgsang S.
Anbaufaktoren beeinflussen Fusarien und Mykotoxine in Schweizer Gerste.
Agrarforschung Schweiz, 7, (9), 2017, 372-377.
altre lingue: francese

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Apilife VAR: A new varroacide with thymol as the main ingredient (PDF, 103 kB, 20.01.2017)
A. Imdorf, S. Bogdanov, V. Kilchenmann, C. Maquelin (1994)

"THYMOVAR" for Varroa control (PDF, 75 kB, 27.01.2017)
F. Bollhalder (1998)


Although the use of thymol leads to residues in the wax and honey, these are negligible from a toxicological viewpoint. Since about 2008 the use of thymol-based products has been declining in Switzerland, and beekeepers making use of these products have tended to experience greater winter losses than those using e.g. formic acid.

Thymol residues in wax and honey after Apilife VAR treatment (PDF, 757 kB, 14.09.2016)
S. Bogdanov, A. Imdorf, V. Kilchenmann (1998) 

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