Thymol

thymolbehandlung_20170128

In the 1990s, the Bee Research Centre took part in a screening programme testing the potential effectiveness of over 100 essential oils and essential oil components against the varroa mite. Although sage, hyssop and thyme oils proved interesting, only thymol has been used in acaricide products. Thymol treatments require little effort, and there are a variety of preparations on the market. The advantages and drawbacks of thymol use are listed in the articles "Apilife VAR: A new varroacide with thymol as the main ingredient" and "THYMOVAR for Varroa control".

Use of essential oils for the control of Varroa jacobsoni (Oud.) in honey bee colonies (PDF, 1 MB, 20.01.2017)
A. Imdorf, S. Bogdanov, R. Ibáñez Ochoa, N. W. Calderone (1999)

Publication List

Publication List

Publications Gabriele Mack

Ammann J., Mack G., El Benni N.
Public Perception of Smart Farming.
In: 5th symposium on agri-tech economics for sustainable futures. 19-20 September, Publ. Global Institute for Agri-Tech Economics at Harper Adams University (UK), Harper Adams University (England). 2022, 143-146.

Ammann J., Mack G., El Benni N.
Public perception of Smart Farming.
In: 5th Symposium on Agri-Tech Economics for Sustainable Futures. 19. September, online. 2022.

Bystricky M., Mack G.
Direktzahlungen für proteinreduzierte Rinderfütterung: Auswirkung auf Produktion und Umwelt.
In: Agrarökonomie-Tagung. 04. Oktober, Tänikon - Agroscope. 2022.

Gilgen A., Drobnik T., Roesch A., Mack G., Ritzel C., Iten L., Flury C., Mann S., Gaillard G.
Indikatorbasierte Direktzahlungen im Agrarumweltbereich: Schlussbericht ans Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft.
Agroscope Science, 136, 2022.

Ritzel C., Ammann J., Mack G., El Benni N.
Determinants of the decision to build up excessive food stocks in the COVID-19 crisis.
Appetite, 176, 2022, 1-12.

El Benni N., Ritzel C., Heitkämper K., Mack G.
Der administrative Aufwand Schweizer Landwirtschaftsbetriebe durch das Direktzahlungssystem.
Agrarforschung Schweiz, 13, 2022, 67-76.

Reissig L., Mack G.
Why farmers perceive the use of e-government services as an administrative burden: A conceptual framework on influencing factors.
Journal of Rural Studies, 89, 2022, 387-396.

El Benni N., Ritzel C., Heitkämper K., Umstätter C., Zorn A., Mack G.
The cost of farmers' administrative burdens due to cross-compliance obligations.
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 65, (5), 2022, 930-952.

Möhring A., Drobnik T., Mack G., Ammann J., El Benni N.
Weniger Naturalertrag durch Verzicht auf Pflanzenschutzmittel im Ackerbau: Resultate einer Delphi-Studie.
Agrarwirtschaft und Agrarsoziologie, 2021, 2021, 53-54.

Ritzel C., Hoop D., Mack G., Wallner A., Portmann M.
Schweizer Pärke als Modellregionen für eine Nachhaltige Entwicklung – eine Erfolgsgeschichte für LandwirtInnen?
In: 4. Tagung Parkforschung Schweiz. 15.10., Publ. Agroscope, 6170 Schüpfheim. 2021, 1-19.

Schmidt A., Necpalova M., Mack G., Möhring A., Six J.
A food tax only minimally reduces the N surplus of Swiss agriculture.
Agricultural Systems, 194, 2021, Article 103271.

Mack G., Schori F., Bretscher D., Bystricky M.
Wirkungen von politischen Massnahmen zur Begrenzung der Proteinzufuhr in der Rinderhaltung.
In: 31. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Agrarökonomie. 16.-17. September, Publ. ÖGA. 2021, 83-84.

Mack G., Ritzel C.
Lebensmittel- und Getränkevorräte der Schweizer Bevölkerung vor, während und nach COVID-19.
In: Agrarökonomie Tagung. 5. Oktober, Publ. Agroscope, Tänikon. 2021, 1-19.

Schmidt A., Mack G., Mann S., Six J.
Reduction of nitrogen pollution in agriculture through nitrogen surplus quotas: An analysis of individual marginal abatement cost and different quota allocation schemes using an agent-based model.
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 64, (8), 2021, 1375-1391.

Möhring A., Drobnik T., Mack G., Ammann J., El Benni N.
Naturalertragseinbussen durch Verzicht auf Pflanzenschutzmittel im Ackerbau: Resultate einer Delphi-Studie.
Agroscope Science, 125, 2021.

Mack G., Möhring A.
SWISSland-Modellierung zur PaIv 19.475: «Das Risiko beim Einsatz von Pestiziden reduzieren».
Agroscope, Tänikon. 28. April, 2021, 49 pp.
other Languages: french

Mack G., El Benni N., Tindale S., Hunter E., Newell P., Frewer L.
Effects of innovative management options on permanent grassland (PG) in the mountain area of Switzerland.
In: 21st Symposium of the European Grassland Federation Online; Sensing – New Insights into Grassland Science and Practice. 18.05., Kassel, Germany. 2021.

Mack G., El Benni N., Tindale S., Hunter E., Newell P., Frewer L.
Effects of innovative management options on perennial grassland in the mountain area of Switzerland.
In: Sensing – New Insights into Grassland Science and Practice, Proceedings of the 21st Symposium of the European Grassland Federation. Volume 26, Publ. The Organising Committee of the 21st Symposium of the European Grassland Federation, Kassel, Germany. 2021, 159-162.

Ritzel C., Mack G., Portmann M., Heitkämper K., El Benni N.
Empirical evidence on factors influencing farmers’ administrative burden: A structural equation modeling approach.
In: 2nd ISWA Symposium on Work in Agriculture. 29.03., Online. 2021, 1-13.

El Benni N., Ritzel C., Heitkämper K., Umstätter C., Mack G.
Measuring farmers' costs of administrative burdens due to cross-compliance obligations.
In: 2nd International Symposium on Work in Agriculture. 29 March - 1 April, Publ. ISWA, Clermont-Ferrand (F). 2021, 1-16.

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Apilife VAR: A new varroacide with thymol as the main ingredient (PDF, 103 kB, 20.01.2017)
A. Imdorf, S. Bogdanov, V. Kilchenmann, C. Maquelin (1994)

"THYMOVAR" for Varroa control (PDF, 75 kB, 27.01.2017)
F. Bollhalder (1998)


Although the use of thymol leads to residues in the wax and honey, these are negligible from a toxicological viewpoint. Since about 2008 the use of thymol-based products has been declining in Switzerland, and beekeepers making use of these products have tended to experience greater winter losses than those using e.g. formic acid.

Thymol residues in wax and honey after Apilife VAR treatment (PDF, 757 kB, 14.09.2016)
S. Bogdanov, A. Imdorf, V. Kilchenmann (1998) 

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