Collaboratrici e collaboratori

We compared the impact of the feeding regime group dosing with 10 bees versus group dosing with two bees per cage on the variability of the homing success rate, gene expression and mortality. Based on our own observations and the recently published publication (Brodschneider, R. et al.)[1] it seems that food sharing via trophallaxis might lead to a non – uniform distribution of the tested sucrose solution between caged bees. This can cause high variability on measured parameters among group members, replicates and treatments. For homing success rate and gene expression endpoints, bees were orally exposed to different sub-lethal concentrations of thiamethoxam (TMX) at 0.1, 0.3 or 1 ng/bee, based on the homing flight ring-test protocol. For mortality, bees were exposed orally to dimethoate at 0.033, 0.07, 0.1, 0.13, and 0.35 µg/bee, based on the acute oral toxicity test guideline OECD 213. For both methods, the treatment-feeding regime, was conducted with ten bees/cage and two bees/cage. Homing flight success rate, at 1ng TMX/bee, was significantly lower with ten bees compared to the two bees approach. A large variability of success rate and gene expression among treatment replicates was found in the ten bees feeding group. Acute toxicity data with dimethoate showed that group feeding scheme with ten bees per cage resulted in higher mortality when compared to two bees (at same dosing levels). As consequence, the LD50 value is higher for the latter. High variability of homing success, gene expression or mortality rate in the ten bees feeding scheme is most likely caused by inhomogeneous dose distribution among bees, or either by over- or under dosing of single bees within replicates. A more accurate and uniform dosing distribution can be expected between 2 bees resulting in less variable data between runs, replicates and treatments. We highlight that feeding in smaller groups of honeybees should be discussed and considered to minimize the trophallaxis dependency regarding food distribution in group dosed honeybees. Moreover, to compare endpoints of toxicological studies with single dosed wild bees for regulatory purposes.