Timolo

thymolbehandlung_20170128

Negli anni '90, il Centro di ricerche apicole ha partecipato ad un programma di monitoraggio in cui sono stati testati oltre 100 olii essenziali, assieme ai loro componenti, per quanto concerne l’efficacia contro la varroa. Nonostante gli olii di salvia, isoppo e timo si siano rilevati interessanti, solo il timolo è stato utilizzato in prodotti acaricidi. I trattamenti contenenti timolo sono di facile realizzazione e sul mercato già si trovano diversi preparati. I vantaggi e gli svantaggi dell’uso del timolo sono riportati nel "Apilife VAR - Un prodotto per la lotta contro la varroa la cui sostanza attiva principale è il timolo" e nel "THYMOVAR per combattere la Varroa jacobsoni".

Use of essential oils for the control of Varroa jacobsoni (Oud.) in honey bee colonies (inglese) (PDF, 1 MB, 20.01.2017)
A. Imdorf, S. Bogdanov, R. Ibáñez Ochoa, N. W. Calderone (1999)

Pubblicazioni Stefan Irmler

Irmler S., Bavanantharajah T., Binz E., Portmann R.
Ability of Latilactobacillus curvatus FAM25164 to produce tryptamine: Identification of a novel tryptophan decarboxylase.
Food Microbiology, 116, 2023, 1-8.

Wenger A., Bär C., Portmann R., Schmidt R. S., Eugster E., Weisskopf L., Irmler S.
The aminotransferase Aat initiates 3-phenyllactic acid biosynthesis in Pediococcus acidilactici.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 2023, 1-10.

Fröhlich-Wyder M. T., Bachmann H.-P., Von Ah U., Baumeyer Brahier A., Irmler S., Aeschlimann T., Cocuzzi R., Turgay M., Schmidt R.
Impact of pediococci on the amino acid profile of a model-cheese with propionic acid fermentation.
In: 23ème colloque du Club des Bactéries Lactiques. 8 - 10 juin, Ed. UMR INRAE - Institut Agro STLO, Rennes, F. 2022.

Turgay M., Falentin H., Irmler S., Fröhlich-Wyder M. T., Meola M., Oberhaensli S., Berthoud-dit-Gallon Marchand H.
Genomic rearrangements in the aspA-dcuA locus of Propionibacterium freudenreichii are associated with aspartase activity.
Food Microbiology, 106, 2022, 1-12.

Ryser L., Arias E., Berthoud H., Delbès-Paus C., Chassard C., Bruggmann R., Irmler S.
Cadaverine, putrescine, and histamine formation of Morganella morganii in raclette-type cheese.
International Dairy Journal, 129, 2022, 1-8.

Berthoud H., Wechsler D., Irmler S.
Production of putrescine and cadaverine by Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 2022, 1-10.

Wechsler D., Irmler S., Moser A., Dreier M., Barthoud H., Turgay M., Haldemann J., Fehér N.
Biodiversité de Lactobacillus helveticus dans le Gruyère AOP.
In: Formation IAG. 25.06., Grangeneuve. 2021, 1-24.

Wechsler D., Irmler S., Moser A., Dreier M., Berthoud-dit-Gallon Marchand H., Turgay M., Haldemann J., Fehér N.
Biodiversité de Lactobacillus helveticus et effet anti-clostridia.
In: formation continue ARQHA. 08 juin, St-Cierges. 2021, 1-36.

Ryser L., Arias E., Perreten V., Irmler S., Bruggmann R.
Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Morganella morganii isolated from cheese: Morganella morganii cheese isolates.
Frontiers in Microbiology, online, (17 November), 2021, 1-11.

Wenger A., Schmidt R., Portmann R., Roetschi A., Eugster E., Weisskopf L., Irmler S.
Aat is a novel aminotransferase present in Pediococcus acidilactici capable to produce alpha-aminobutyrate.
In: 13th International Symposium on Lactic Acid Bacteria. 23.8., Ed. FEMS, online. 2021, 1.

Wechsler D., Berthoud-dit-Gallon Marchand H., Irmler S., Portmann R., Badertscher R., Bisig W., Jakob E., Schafroth K., Fröhlich-Wyder M. T.
Influence of the contamination level of Lactobacillus parabuchneri in vat milk and of the cheese-making conditions on histamine formation during ripening.
In: IDF International Cheese Science and Technology Symposium. 7 June, Ed. IDF - International Dairy Federation, Québec, Kanada. 2021, 1.

Wechsler D., Berthoud-dit-Gallon Marchand H., Irmler S., Dreier M., Shani N., Guggisberg D., Portmann R., Badertscher R., Loosli F., Bisig W., Bütikofer U., Häni W., Fröhlich-Wyder M. T.
Formation of biogenic amines by Lactobacillus wasatchensis in experimental Swiss-type cheeses and related opening defects.
In: IDF International Cheese Science and Technology Symposium. 7 June, Ed. IDF - International Dairy Federation, Québec, Kanada (online Symposium). 2021, 1.

Wechsler D., Irmler S., Berthoud-dit-Gallon Marchand H., Portmann R., Badertscher R., Bisig W., Schafroth K., Fröhlich-Wyder M. T.
Influence of the inoculum level of Lactobacillus parabuchneri in vat milk and of the cheese-making conditions on histamine formation during ripening.
International Dairy Journal, 113, (February), 2021, 1-10.

Wechsler D., Irmler S., Aeschlimann T., Meola M., Berthoud-dit-Gallon Marchand H.
Aufklärung von nicht alltäglichen Käsefehlern mit modernster Analytik.
Agroscope Transfer, 358, 2020, 1-8.

Wenger A., Schmidt R., Portmann R., Roetschi A., Eugster E., Weisskopf L., Irmler S.
Identification of a species-specific aminotransferase in Pediococcus acidilactici capable of forming α-aminobutyrate.
AMB Express, 10, 2020, 1-9.

Turgay M., Bachmann H.-P., Irmler S., Von Ah U., Fröhlich-Wyder M. T., Falentin H., Deutsch S.-M., Jan G., Thierry A.
Propionibacterium spp. and Acidipropionibacterium spp.
In: Encyclopedia of Dairy Science. 28 April, Ed. Reference Module in Food Science, Elsevier Ltd. 2020, 1-12.

Somerville V., Lutz S., Schmid M., Frei D., Moser A., Irmler S., Frey J. E., Ahrens C.
Long-read based de novo assembly of low-complexity metagenome samples results in finished genomes and reveals insights into strain diversity and an active phage system.
BMC Microbiology, 19, (1), 2019, 1-18.

Wenger A., Weisskopf L., Eugster E., Bachmann H.-P., Irmler S.
Identification of pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzymes from Pediococcus acidilactici possibly involved in the amino acid metabolism of cheese.
In: 8th CONGRESS OF EUROPEAN MICROBIOLOGISTS, FEMS 2019. 07 July, Glasgow. 2019.

Irmler S., Fröhlich-Wyder M. T., Wechsler D., Berthoud-dit-Gallon Marchand H., Turgay M.
Enzymatic properties of aspartate ammonia-lyase isoenzymes from Propionibacterium freudenreichii.
In: 8th Congress of European Microbiologists, FEMS 2019. 07 July, Glasgow. 2019, 1.

Eugster E., Fuchsmann P., Schlichterherle-Cerny H., Bütikofer U., Irmler S.
Formation of alanine, α-aminobutyrate, acetate, and 2-butanol during cheese ripening by Pediococcus acidilactici FAM18098.
International Dairy Journal, 96, (September), 2019, 21-28.

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Nonostante il timolo lasci residui nella cera e nel miele, dal profilo tossicologico tali residui sono innocui.

In Svizzera l’utilizzo dei prodotti a base di timolo, a partire dal 2008, è diminuito considerevolmente. Gli apicoltori che lavorano con tali prodotti tendenzialmente riportano più perdite d’inverno rispetto agli apicoltori che, per esempio, utilizzano l’acido formico.

Rückstände in Wachs und Honig nach Apilife VAR Anwendung (Zusammenfassung) (tedesco (PDF, 10 kB, 14.09.2016) e francese (PDF, 13 kB, 15.09.2016))
S. Bogdanov, A. Imdorf, V. Kilchenmann (1998)