Honigeinlagerung

Der Wassergehalt des von den Pflanzen produzierten Nektars kann variieren. Um seine Konservierung in den Waben zu gewährleisten, darf er nicht gären. Deshalb wird er von den Bienen in Honig umgewandelt, indem sie seinen Wassergehalt senken und folglich den Zuckergehalt erhöhen. Dies verhindert die Entwicklung der Mikroorganismen. In der Dunkelheit des Bienenstocks ist es schwierig, den Herstellungsprozess des Honigs zu beobachten. Aus diesem Grund ist er auch nur wenig erforscht. Um die Umwandlung von Nektar in Honig zu untersuchen, haben wir die Technik der Tomographie eingesetzt. Sie ermöglicht es, den Zuckergehalt des eingelagerten Nektars sehr präzise zu messen, ohne den Bienenstock öffnen zu müssen und das Bienenvolk zu stören.

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Ahrens C., Wade J.T., Champion M.M., Langer J.D.

A practical guide to small protein discovery and characterization using mass spectrometry.

Journal of Bacteriology, 204, (1), 2022, e0035321.

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Zusammenfassung:

Small proteins of up to ∼50 amino acids are an abundant class of biomolecules across all domains of life. Yet due to the challenges inherent in their size, they are often missed in genome annotations, and are difficult to identify and characterize using standard experimental approaches. Consequently, we still know few small proteins even in well-studied prokaryotic model organisms. Mass spectrometry (MS) has great potential for the discovery, validation, and functional characterization of small proteins. However, standard MS approaches are poorly suited to the identification of both known and novel small proteins due to limitations at each step of a typical proteomics workflow, i.e., sample preparation, protease digestion, liquid chromatography, MS data acquisition, and data analysis. Here, we outline the major MS-based workflows and bioinformatic pipelines used for small protein discovery and validation. Special emphasis is placed on highlighting the adjustments required to improve detection and data quality for small proteins. We discuss both the unbiased detection of small proteins and the targeted analysis of small proteins of interest. Finally, we provide guidelines to prioritize novel small proteins, and an outlook on methods with particular potential to further improve comprehensive discovery and characterization of small proteins.

ISSN Print: 0021-9193
ISSN Online: 1098-5530
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00353-21
Publikations-ID (Webcode): 48746 Per E-Mail versenden

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