Climate change, through rising temperatures and increasingly irregular precipitation patterns, is altering the phenology of Cydia pomonella. Higher temperatures can lead to additional generations per season, while prolonged rainfall may delay mating events, complicating population dynamics. These shifts, together combined with the reduced reliability of C. pomonella adult monitoring in orchards under mating disruption, have renewed interest in monitoring strategies capable of attracting both sexes and providing insights into the reproductive status of the this pest population. This OurIn this study, we evaluated and compared es kairomone-based lures, (PHEROCON Megalure CM Dual 4K and PHEROCON Megalure CM DA Combo + AA), which attractive to both C. pomonella males and females in orchards treated with mating disruption. These were tested alongside, with a custom-developed designed UV light trap, developed designed to establish offer a better attractivity a chemical-independent baseline and support interpretation ofto the kairomone traps data. Field trials were conducted in Switzerland and Italy to assess the performance of these trap-lure combinations. Results from the first year of field trials (2024) show that all trap–attractant combinations consistently captured both C. pomonella males and females across a range of mating statuses throughout the season. Notably, UV light traps yielded atotal captures increased fivefold 5-fold increase in total captures.with the use of UV light traps. Further results and detailed analyses will be presented during the conference. This dual-focused approach framework addresses critical gaps in C. pomonella monitoring by generating reliable capture data under mating disruption, including information on female mating status. By establishing a robust, multimodal monitoring system, our work it lays the groundwork for future integration with climatological data, with the ultimate goal of improving population forecasting models and enhancing orchard resilience under shifting agroecological and environmental conditions.
