Genetically modified organisms for a sustainable agricultural sector
Genetically modified plants, new precision-breeding technologies and biotechnological applications such as RNA-based plant protection products are opening up opportunities for a more efficient, more environmentally friendly agricultural sector. Our research develops concepts and methods for risk assessment and creates the scientific basis for their safe use and effective regulation.
Genetically modified (GM) crops are becoming increasingly important worldwide, although significant restrictions have been applied to their use in Europe to date. New plant-breeding techniques, allowing for more targeted and precise modifications than conventional genetic engineering methods have given fresh impetus to the debate on genetic engineering in agriculture. It is not only GM crops for field cultivation that are being developed, however, but also biotechnologically produced, RNA-molecule-based pesticides for the control of pests and diseases.
Whilst plants derived from conventional genetic engineering and novel breeding technologies as well as RNA-based pesticides are already a reality in other parts of the world, further possibilities offered by these new technologies are being discussed. One example of these are so-called gene drives. These are genetic constructs that circumvent the classic rules of inheritance, ensuring that even genes detrimental to the organism are passed on to all offspring. Potential applications include, for example, the control of insect-borne diseases or invasive pests.
All these technologies can help to increase the efficiency of agriculture and reduce the use of harmful plant protection products. To ensure the safe and sustainable use of GM organisms and other biotechnological products, a risk assessment is essential. This is carried out on a case-by-case basis and requires appropriate concepts and methods.
Conceptually, we develop approaches for how to conduct risk analyses, how to select suitable and relevant test species, and what characteristics test systems must possess in order to deliver meaningful results. By way of example, we develop methods to test the effects of selected GM plants and novel insecticidal proteins on beneficial arthropods. Through systematic reviews, we present the state of the art in our research areas.
Our research and expertise contribute to the further development of regulations, are in demand worldwide by, e.g., regulatory authorities and are incorporated into publications such as guidelines.
